This manual is intended for use as a field guide by development workers of community-based and non-government organizations, churches, government agencies and research institutions engaged in agricultural development. Further, it will serve as reference material for schools, vocational institutions and universities. It builds on the Sustainable Agriculture Extension Manual, which was published by IIRR in 1998 and focuses on experiences from wetter, higher potential areas. The manual provides an overview of selected problems and issues in dryland agriculture in eastern and southern Africa, and the various attempts by individuals, communities and development organizations to overcome these problems. It provides specific examples of technologies and approaches, as well as selected experiences of individual farmers, organizations and communities