http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2884 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 10:11:40 GMT 2026-04-05T10:11:40Z http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6377 Impact of Energy Management in a Solar PV Microgrid Apiyo, Elias O. Fossil fuel accounts for a bigger percentage of primary energy sources in the world. Studies show that the world energy demand is on the rise but the real sources of fossil fuel decline each day. Major oil producing countries are likely to deplete their oil fields within a decade if the current rate of fossil fuel production maintained. Generation of energy through fossil fuel burning causes Greenhouse Gas Emission into the atmosphere causing global warming. Generation of energy through renewable energy sources provides a better alternative to cope with the declining oil reserves and combat climate change. Solar photovoltaic is a suitable alternative clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy source, which uses solar photovoltaic technology. This thesis discussed the impact of energy management on a solar photovoltaic microgrid and tried to narrow the research gap left by various researchers who provided related literature about the work. Modeling, energy management and the impact of installing solar PV system to supplement utility grid electricity is studied. This work was conducted using a mathematical model of the PV based microgrid that was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The laboratory implementation was done using hardware components and real-time energy management using microcontroller. The prediction of solar PV power generation on a medium-term basis was done using PVsyst photovoltaic software while a short-term basis was implemented using Application Programming Interface software. The energy management strategy is such that the solar PV module becomes the priority power source to supply three loads while charging the battery when irradiance is sufficient. At low irradiance, the battery supplies the loads and when the discharge is below a specified limit, the utility grid electricity supplies the loads. Simulation results show that the solar PV module serve the loads and charge the battery during daytime while the grid remained as a standby power source. However, the microcontroller disables the loads from the PV system source when the threshold of charging the battery is reached. The loads are then connected to the utility grid. In the simulation of the solar resource software, the solar pv generation for seven days on the month of March 2022 indicated a maximum and minimum generation of 720.82 Wh and 498.96 Wh respectively. The financial analysis of installing 90 W grid-tied PV solar system without subsidy is US$ 384. The 90 W module costs US$ 486 and has a service life of 25 years and payback period of 11 years. During the lifespan of the solar PV module, 1,333.78 kg of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere are saved. Master of Technology in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2022. Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6377 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4598 Development and analysis of a mobility-aware resource allocation algorithm based on min-max optimization for OFDMA femtocell networks Oyie, Nicholas O. Femto Access Points (FAPs) significantly improve indoor coverage and quality of service. FAPs are small, inexpensive, low-power base stations that are generally consumer deployed. However, due to high density of FAPs, many new challenges have not been sufficiently addressed such as resources allocation and interference mitigation. In resolving resource allocation problem, user mobility dynamics make it difficult to associate the best spectrum set of frequency/time resources with each FAP in order to deliver the users’ data. The problem addressed is the determination of optimal resource allocation while user mobility dynamics are incorporated based on their position with time, while maintaining required quality of service (QoS). Prominent existing solutions which considered centralized, distributed and hybrid centralized/distributed scalable strategies are studied in literature. However, the impact of user mobility dynamics was not considered. To utilize spectrum resource more efficiently, a resource allocation mechanism that exploits the mobility of users in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based femtocell networks known as Mobility-aware Femtocell Cluster-based Resource Allocation (M-FCRA) is presented. M-FCRA anchors upon an existing FCRA algorithm to ensure optimal resource allocation with mobility-awareness. M-FCRA has been validated by performing comparison and evaluation with FCRA algorithm. From the simulation results obtained using LTE-Sim simulator software, M-FCRA outperforms the existing state-of-the art FCRA approach in terms of Throughput Satisfaction Rate (TSR) and Spectrum Spatial Re-use (SSR). Moreover, the capacity and quality of service improvement in the network are of benefit to operators by offloading macrocell traffic hence low operating expenditures. Finally, users enjoy uninterrupted traffic indoors under mobility. Thesis, Master of Science in Telecommunication Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4598 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z