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    Potential Use and Challenges of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Conservation in Game Lodges and Resorts in Kenya

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    Date
    2020-10
    Author
    Makopondo, Richard O. B.
    Rotich, Laban Kipkemoi
    Kamau, Cynthia G.
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    Abstract
    Constructed wetlands are cost-e1ective wastewater treatment alternatives that receive worldwide acceptance. For the Kenyan hospitality industry, in particular, constructed wetlands (CWs) provide opportunities for wastewater reuse and recovery of resources, as well as improvements in local environmental conditions. Hospitality establishments produce large volumes of wastewater that is sometimes discharged to the environment without being treated. ,is is not only harmful to communities living downstream of these rivers but also to the 7ora and fauna which are the main attraction for most who visit these lodges. ,is study used qualitative methods to collect and analyze published o:cial government documents, peer-reviewed research articles, and professional reports including leading international and Kenyan case studies to explore how constructed wetlands can be effectively used in game lodges and resorts situated in arid and remote areas of Kenya. ,e study investigated wastewater management systems adopted by remote game lodges and resorts in Kenya and the potential role, as well as the challenges to adopting constructed wetland (CW) technology. ,e results indicated that hotels, game lodges, and resorts both internationally and locally are adopting di1erent types of CWs including surface and subsurface 7ow as alternative nature-oriented wastewater management systems. ,e study identi<ed opportunities in the use of CWs as a wastewater management and conservation strategy. ,e results suggest that there are potential challenges which include inadequate expertise and technical support; low volume of discharge during o1-seasons; limited space or land; and the attitude of hospitality managers towards constructed wetlands. Based on these preliminary <ndings, one may conclude that game lodges, ecolodges, and resorts in remote areas are prime candidates for constructed wetland establishment. ,e study makes speci<c recommendations with implications for policy and practice to promote sustainable hospitality operations and environmental conservation. It is suggested that future studies test the e:cacy and e:ciency of CW technology as wastewater management systems in the Kenyan wilderness areas including national parks, game reserves, and forests.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9184192
    http://repository.mut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6882
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    • Journal Articles (THM) [128]

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