Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of logistics management practices (LMP) on the performance of the supply chain of vaccines in healthcare facilities across Lamu County. Specific research objectives included assessing the effects of cold chain technology, inventory management, distribution systems, and technical capacity on supply chain performance. Material/methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all 32 public health facilities in Lamu County. The units of analysis included facility managers, procurement officers, and vaccine officers, totaling 96 respondents. Data collection was conducted via the distribution of 96 questionnaires, employing a census technique to ensure all relevant respondents were covered. Findings: The study revealed that cold chain technology and distribution systems most significantly impact vaccine supply chain performance in Lamu County. Inventory management and technical capacity were less influential, despite inventory management having the highest mean score. Conclusion: The study concludes that adopting logistics management practices is crucial for enhancing the vaccine supply chain in Lamu County. Cold chain technology and distribution systems were particularly effective, suggesting targeted investment in these areas for improved performance. Value: This research augments existing literature by empirically investigating the logistics management practices influencing vaccine supply chain performance in a specific regional context—Lamu County. It provides actionable policy recommendations, thus serving as a guide for governmental decision-making and workforce training in healthcare logistics.